a Roman divinity

sălūs, ūtis (archaic gen. SALVTES, on a clay vessel, v. Ritschl de Fictilibus Litteratis, Berol, 1853, p. 18, n. 5; cf. APOLONES, from Apollo; dat. SALVTEI, Corp. Inscr. Lat. 587), f. [root sar, to guard, whence servus, servare, salvus, sollus; cf. Gr. holos, entire], a being safe and sound; a sound or whole condition, health, welfare, prosperity, preservation, safety, deliverance, etc. (very freq. and class.: cf.: valetudo, sanitas).

Lit.

In gen.: Mars pater te precor, pastores pecuaque salva servassis duisque bonam salutem valetudinemque mihi domo familiaeque nostrae, an old form of prayer in Cato, R. R. 141, 3; cf. Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 27; so,

too, the religious formula for asking protection: quod cum salute ejus fiat,

and may it do him good, Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 3;

and in the same sense: bonā salute,

Cato, R. R. 4 fin.:

adhuc quae assolent quaeque oportet Signa esse ad salutem, omnia huic (puero recens nato) esse video,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

aegrorum salutem ab Aesculapio datam,

Cic. N. D. 3, 38, 91:

qui etiam medicis suis non ad salutem, sed ad necem utatur,

id. Har. Resp. 16, 35:

me confectum consularibus volneribus consulari medicinā ad salutem reduceret,

id. Red. Quir. 6, 15:

firmā potiri salute,

Ov. H. 20, [p. 1622] 179:

salute nostrā atque urbe captā Domum reduco integrum omnem exercitum,

in good health, well, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 147:

mater redit suā salute ac familiae maximā,

in excellent health, id. Merc. 4, 5, 9:

salute nostrum socium,

id. Men. 1, 2, 25:

salute horiae,

uninjured, id. Rud. 4, 2, 5:

in optimorum consiliis posita est civitatium salus,

Cic. Rep. 1, 34, 51; cf.:

tu eris unus, in quo nitatur civitatis salus,

id. ib. 6, 12, 12;

2, 23, 43: juris, libertatis, fortunarum suarum salus in istius damnatione consistit,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 16:

neque enim salus ulla rei publicae major reperiri potest, quam, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 1, 2, § 4; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:

spem teneo, salutem amisi,

id. Merc. 3, 4, 6 sq.; id. Capt. 3, 3, 3; cf.:

cujus aures clausae veritati sunt, hujus salus desperanda est,

Cic. Lael. 24, 90:

nisi quae mihi in te'st, haud tibi est in me salus,

a means of safety, help, assistance, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 69:

fer amanti ero salutem,

id. As. 3, 3, 82; cf.:

cum opem indigentibus salutemque ferres,

Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 118; id. Mur. 13, 28: dicet fortasse Dignitatis halis:

saluti, si me amas, consule,

id. Att. 2, 19, 1:

is est nimirum Soter, qui salutem dedit,

has furnished safety, id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154:

dare salutem, liberare periculis, etc.,

id. de Or. 1, 8, 32:

saluti quod tibi esse censeo, id consuadeo,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 35; so,

saluti esse alicui,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1; id. de Or. 2, 49, 200 al.;

for which: nosse omnia haec, salus est adulescentulis,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 18:

diffisus suae omniumque saluti,

Caes. B. G. 6, 38:

nec in fugā salus ulla ostendebatur,

Liv. 30, 8:

una est salus,

id. 7, 35:

una salus victis nullam sperare salutem,

Verg. A. 2, 354; cf. id. ib. 5, 174; 6, 96; Ov. Tr. 3, 3, 4; 5, 7, 3; id. P. 3, 7, 23; 4, 14, 5; id. M. 3, 648; Luc. 2, 221. —Freq. in Plaut. as a term of endearment, my life, my love:

quid agis, mea salus?

Plaut. Cas. 4, 3, 3:

o salute meā salus salubrior,

id. Cist. 3, 13; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 38; id. Poen. 1, 2, 153; 1, 2, 176; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17. —

In partic., a wish for one ' s welfare (expressed by word of mouth or in writing), a greeting, salute, salutation: Ly. Charmidem Lysiteles salutat. Ca. Non ego sum salutis dignus? Ly. Immo salve Callicles, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 29:

venienti des salutem atque osculum,

id. Ep. 4, 2, 2:

quin tu primum salutem reddis quam dedi?

id. Bacch. 2, 3, 11: Sy. Responde, quod rogo. Ba. Eho, an non prius salutas? Sy. Nulla est mihi salus dataria, id. Ps. 4, 2, 13: Pe. Salva sis. Ph. Salutem accipio mihi et meis, id. Ep. 4, 1, 21:

advenientem peregre herum suum Salva impertit salute servus Epidicus,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 24; cf. Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 39; for which: impertit salutem plurimam et plenissimam, Lucil. ap. Non. 472, 16:

Terentia impertit tibi multam salutem,

Cic. Att. 2, 12, 3:

salutem dicere alicui,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 29:

multam, plurimam salutem dicere alicui,

id. Curc. 3, 51; 3, 61:

Cicero tibi salutem plurimam dicit,

Cic. Fam. 14, 7, 3:

tu Atticae salutem dices,

id. Att. 14, 19, 6;

and so at the beginning of a letter: salutem dicit Toxilo Timarchides Et familiae omni. Si valetis gaudeo, etc.,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 32;

usually abbreviated S. D. (salutem dicit), S. D. M. (salutem dicit multam), S. D. P. (salutem dicit plurimam), v. the superscriptions of Cicero's letters. Freq., also, elliptically, without dicit: Anacharsis Hannoni salutem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90 (abbreviated, e. g. Cicero Attico S., v. the letters of Cicero and Pliny):

Dionysio plurimam salutem,

id. Att. 4, 18, 3:

Atticae plurimam salutem,

id. ib. 14, 20, 5:

salutem reddere,

to return a greeting, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 11; Liv. 9, 6, 12; Tac. A. 4, 60: salutem mittere per aliquem, to send a greeting:

mihi dulcis salus visa est per te missa ab illā,

Cic. Att. 16, 3, 6; Ov. H. 4, 1; 16, 1.—An unusual expression is, salutem dicere alicui, in the sense of to bid one farewell:

ego vero multam salutem et foro dicam et curiae, vivamque tecum multum, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 7, 32, 2:

salute acceptā redditāque,

Liv. 7, 5:

salute datā redditāque,

id. 3, 26:

salutem tibi ab sodali nuntio,

I bring, deliver, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 10; so,

nuntiare salutem alicui,

id. Curc. 4, 2, 38; id. Men. prol. 1; cf.:

salutem verbis tuis mihi nuntiarat,

Cic. Fam. 7, 14, 1:

salutem tibi plurimam ascribit et Tulliola, deliciae nostrae,

adds, joins in, id. Att. 1, 5, 9; 5, 20, 9.—In a humorous equivoque: As. Salve. St. Satis mihi est tuae salutis, nihil moror, sat salveo;

Aegrotare malim, quam esse tuā salute sanior,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 4 sq.; id. Ps. 1, 1, 41 sq.—

Salvation, deliverance from sin and its penalties (eccl. Lat.):

verbum salutis,

Vulg. Act. 13, 26; id. Rom. 10, 1; 13, 11.—

Salus, personified, a Roman divinity, whose temple stood on one of the summits of the Quirinalis (v. Salutaris):

ego tibi nunc sum summus Juppiter, Idem ego sum Salus, Fortuna, etc.,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 84; id. As. 3, 3, 123; 3, 3, 137; id. Cist. 4, 2, 76; id. Merc. 5, 2, 26; Varr. L. L. 5, §§ 51 and 74 Müll.; Liv. 9, 43 fin.; 10, 1 fin.; 40, 37; Val. Max. 8, 14, 6:

augurium Salutis (instituted for the welfare of the State),

Cic. Div. 1, 47, 105; id. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Suet. Aug. 31; Tac. A. 12, 23.—In a lusus verbb., alluding to the literal meaning of the name:

nec Salus nobis saluti jam esse, si cupiat, potest,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 4:

at vos Salus servassit,

id. Cist. 4, 2, 76:

neque jam Salus servare, si volt, me potest,

id. Capt. 3, 3, 14; Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 43; cf.:

Salus ipsa virorum fortium innocentiam tueri non potest,

Cic. Font. 6, 11, § 21.

spes, spēi ( gen. spe, Liv. 1, 40, 7 dub.; Weissenb. spei; plur. nom. and acc. speres, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 333 Müll., or Ann. v. 410 and 132 Vahl.; gen. sperum, Eum. Paneg. Const. 15; abl. speribus, Varr. ap. Non. 171, 27 and 30:

spebus,

Sid. Apollin. Ep. 3, 6; Sulp. Sev. Dial. 3, 10; Paul. Nol. Carm. 18, 243; Hilar. in Psa. 119; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 570), f. [perh. root spa-, to draw out; Gr. spaô; cf.: prosper, spondeo; v. spatium].

Lit.

In gen., the expectation of something desired, hope (the predom. signif. of the word; syn. exspectatio).

Absol.:

si spes est exspectatio boni, mali exspectationem esse necesse est metum,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 80:

bona spes cum omnium rerum desperatione confligit,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 25: ut aegroto, dum anima est, spes esse dicitur;

sic, etc.,

id. Att. 9, 10, 3: nolite nimiam spem habere, Cat. ap. Gell. 13, 17, 1:

spem habere in fide alicujus,

Cic. Inv. 1, 39, 71; cf.:

nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum, quantum accepissent ab Antonio,

id. Att. 15, 20, 2:

miserum est nec habere ne spei quidem extremum,

id. N. D. 3, 6, 14:

in quīs plurimum habebat spei,

Curt. 3, 3, 1:

spem sibi aliquam proponere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41:

spem reliquorum in vestrā potestate positam esse,

id. Fl. 1, 3:

spem ponere in armis,

Verg. A. 2, 676:

spem deponere,

abandon, Hor. S. 2, 5, 26;

but: spem salvis in alicujus morte deponere,

to place, Curt. 10, 9, 7:

spem alicujus alere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 30; cf.:

auxerat meam spem, quod, etc.,

id. Phil. 12, 1, 2:

aliquem in spem adducere,

id. Att. 3, 19, 2:

quae (salus nostra) spe exiguā extremāque pendet,

id. Fl. 2, 4:

ut eos homines spes falleret,

id. Div. in Caecil. 2, 4:

quantā de spe decidi,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 9:

hac spe lapsus Indutiomarus,

Caes. B. G. 5, 55:

nostris militibus spem minuit,

id. ib. 5, 33:

Helvetii eā spe dejecti,

id. ib. 1, 8:

ab hac spe repulsi Nervii,

id. ib. 5, 42; cf.:

de spe conatuque depulsus,

Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 14:

pro re certā spem falsam domum retulerunt,

id. Rosc. Am. 38, 110:

non solum spe, sed certā re jam et possessione deturbatus est,

id. Fam. 12, 25, 2:

spei nostrae finem inponere,

Liv. 5, 4, 10:

morando spem destituere,

id. 1, 51, 5:

dolor tantae ad inritum cadentis spei,

id. 2, 6, 1:

spes ad inritum redacta,

id. 28, 31, 1:

Philippus, magnā spe depulsus,

id. 31, 25, 11:

Tyrii ab ingenti spe destituti erant,

Curt. 4, 3, 20:

tantā spe destituti,

id. 8, 6, 20: spem pro re [p. 1741] ferentes, Liv. 36, 40, 7:

hominem sine re, sine fide, sine spe, etc.,

Cic. Cael. 32, 78:

sunt omnia, sicut adulescentis, non tam re et maturitate quam spe et exspectatione laudata,

id. Or. 30, 107:

ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto,

id. Att. 3, 22, 4:

nemo umquam animo aut spe majora suscipiet, qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 27, 102:

multa praeter spem scio multis bona evenisse,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 69; so,

praeter spem evenit!

Ter. And. 2, 6, 5; 4, 1, 55; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 51:

repente praeter spem dixit, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 3:

cetera contra spem salva invenit,

Liv. 9, 23, 17:

omnia bona in spe habere,

Sall. C. 31, 7.— Plur.:

ubi sunt spes meae?

Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 28:

si mihi mulierculae essent salvae, spes aliquae forent,

id. Rud. 2, 6, 69; id. Capt. 2, 3, 85:

in quo nostrae spes omnesque opes sitae Erant,

Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 33; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 6; cf.:

omnes Catilinae spes atque opes concidisse,

Cic. Cat. 3, 7, 16;

so often: spes opesque,

Sall. J. 107, 4:

(cadus) Spes donare novas largus,

Hor. C. 4, 12, 19 al. —

With gen. obj.:

spem istoc pacto nuptiarum omnem eripis,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 35:

spe mercedis adducti,

Cic. Lael. 9, 31:

spes dignitatis suae,

id. de Or. 1, 7, 25:

spes diuturnitatis atque imperii,

id. Rep. 2, 3, 5:

nec in praemiis humanis spem posueris rerum tuarum,

id. ib. 6, 23, 25; cf. id. de Or. 1, 7, 25:

quoniam me tui spem das,

id. Rep. 1, 10, 15:

ni mihi esset spes ostensa Hujusce habendae,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 4, 7:

spes amplificandae fortunae fractior,

Cic. Lael. 16, 59:

ut reo audaci spem judicii corrumpendi praeciderem,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 20:

Antiochus a spe societatis Prusiae decidit,

Liv. 37, 26, 1:

hoc conloquium abstulit spem Hannibali recipiendae Nolae,

id. 33, 44, 3:

exulanti Amyandro spes recuperandi regni facta est,

id. 38, 1, 3; Tac. Or. 14 fin.:

spe templi capiendi,

Liv. 31, 25, 2:

spem suae mortis conceperat,

Ov. M. 6, 554. —

With obj.-clause:

spes est, eum melius facturum,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 22; id. Ep. 3, 1, 11; Auct. Her. 2, 17, 25:

magna me spes tenet, explicare, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 3, 7:

in spem maximam adducti, hunc ipsum annum salutarem civitati fore,

id. Mil. 28, 78:

ne spes quidem ulla ostenditur, fore melius,

id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

magnam in spem veniebat, fore, uti, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 42:

magnam se habere spem, Ariovistum finem injuriis facturum,

id. ib. 1, 33:

injecta est spes patri, Posse illam extrudi,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 11:

si qui vestrum spe ducitur, se posse, etc.,

Cic. Agr. 1, 9, 27:

in spem venio, appropinquare tuum adventum,

id. Fam. 9, 1, 1:

magna me spes tenet, bene mihi evenire, quod mittar ad mortem,

id. Tusc. 1, 41, 97:

ad Aetolos legatum misit, magis ut nudaret animos, quam spe impetrari posse,

Liv. 34, 24, 7:

a spe scalis capi urbem posse,

id. 6, 9, 9:

spe castra eo die se oppugnaturos,

id. 40, 31, 6.—

With ut:

quae te ratio in istam spem induxit, ut eos tibi fidelis putaris fore?

Cic. Off. 2, 15, 53:

si spem afferunt, ut... fructus appareat,

id. Lael. 19, 68:

spes mihi certa fuit ut, etc.,

Aus. Idyll. 2, 46:

irritā spe agitari, ut, etc.,

Tac. A. 16, 26.—

With de:

spes est de argento,

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 40; Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

de flumine transeundo spem se fefellisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 10:

quam spem tunc ille de me concepit,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3:

nato filio pater spem de illo quam optimam capiat,

Quint. 1, 1, 1.—

With ad and gerund.:

postea vero quam vidi nostros tantum spei habere ad vivendum,

Cic. Att. 15, 20, 2:

spem habere ad ejus salutem exstinguendam,

id. Mil. 2, 5:

Gallis ad temptanda ea defuit spes,

Liv. 21, 25, 10 Weissenb. ad loc.:

cum spei ad resistendum nihil esset,

id. 43, 18, 10; 43, 19, 9.—

In partic.

The hope of being appointed heir (rare):

leniter in spem Arrepe officiosus, ut et scribare secundus Heres,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 47:

in spem secundam nepotes pronepotesque (assumebantur),

Tac. A. 1, 8. —

Spes, a Roman divinity who had several temples in Rome, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 8, 52; id. Ps. 2, 4, 19; id. Cist. 4, 1, 18; Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 28; id. N. D. 2, 23, 61; 3, 18, 47; Liv. 2, 51, 2; 25, 7, 6; 40, 51, 6; Tac. A. 2, 49; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14; Tib. 1, 1, 9 (19); Ov. A. A. 1, 445; Aus. Idyll. 12, 9; cf. Hartung, Relig. d. Röm. 2, p. 264.—

Transf, concr., like the Engl. hope, of that in which hope is placed, or which is hoped for ( poet. and in postAug. prose).

In gen.:

puppes, Spes vestri reditus,

Ov. M. 13, 94; cf.: vestras spes uritis, Verg. A. 5, 672:

spes o fidissima Teucrum (of Aeneas),

id. ib. 2, 281:

spem suam (i. e. exta) circumvolat alis (milvus),

Ov. M. 2, 719; cf.:

spe (i. e. re speratā) potitur,

id. ib. 11, 527.—

In partic., of hopeful children, and, by analogy, of the young of animals, or of the fruits of the earth:

devovit nati spemque caputque parens,

Ov. H. 3, 94 Ruhnk.; cf. also in plur., of one child:

per spes surgentis Iuli,

Verg. A. 6, 364; 10, 524; 4, 274; cf.:

tuosne ego, o meae spes inanes, labentis oculis vidi,

Quint. 6, prooem. §

12: (capella) gemellos, Spem gregis, silice in nudā connixa reliquit,

Verg. E. 1, 15; cf. id. G. 4, 162:

(sus) quia semina pando Eruerit rostro spemque interceperit anni,

Ov. M. 15, 113.—

In gen., as a term of endearment, hope:

spes mea,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 27:

o spes mea, o mea vita, o mea voluptas, salve,

id. Stich. 4, 2, 5:

o salutis meae spes,

id. Rud. 3, 3, 17:

et mea carissima filiola, et spes reliqua nostra, Cicero,

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 6.—

An anticipation or apprehension of something not desired, elpis (very rare):

si meam spem vis improborum fefellerit atque superaverit,

Cic. Cat. 4, 11, 23:

mala res, spes multo asperior,

Sall. C. 20, 13:

Metellus contra spem suam laetissimis animis excipitur,

id. J. 88, 1:

id (bellum) quidem spe omnium serius fuit,

Liv. 2, 3, 1:

omnium spe celerius,

id. 21, 6, 5:

in malā jam spe,

id. 22, 48:

in spe Hannibali fuit defectio Tarentinorum,

id. 25, 7:

dum spes nulla necis,

Stat. Th. 9, 129; cf.:

naufragii spes omnis abit,

Luc. 5, 455.

săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

sacres porci,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

Macr. S. 3, 7:

sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3.

In gen.

Absol.:

quicquam (opp. profanum),

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

locus sacer et profanus,

id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

miscebis sacra profanis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

(legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

Ov. H. 9, 159:

aedes,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

lucus late sacer,

Verg. A. 5, 761:

arvum Martis,

Ov. M. 7, 101:

ara,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

aurum,

Liv. 5, 50; cf.

pecunia (opp. privata),

Quint. 4, 2, 8:

arma,

Liv. 24, 21:

tus,

Ov. M. 14, 130:

sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

Cat. 68, 75:

ales (so called from its use in augury),

Verg. A. 11, 721:

luces (with profestae),

Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

dies (with religiosus),

Suet. Tib. 61:

tempus,

Hor. C. S. 4:

commissum,

a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

laurus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

robur,

Ov. M. 8, 752:

aqua,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

fontes,

Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

focus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

Tarentum,

id. C. 1, 28, 29:

fines,

Sil. 3, 501; cf.

montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

id. 4, 70;

vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

Hor. A. P. 391;

and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

Cybebe,

id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

sacer lapis,

a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—

With gen. (class.):

ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

urna Veneris,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

urna Veneria,

id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

Dianae celebris dies,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

sepulcrum Batti veteris,

Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—

With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

Ov. M. 7, 623:

esculus Jovi sacra,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

Nymphis cervus,

Ov. M. 10, 109:

Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

Verg. A. 6, 484:

pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

Tac. A. 15, 53:

cupressus Diti sacra,

Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

aesculus Jovi,

id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—

Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

silentium,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

laedere amantes,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

lingua (Ciceronis),

Mart. 5, 69, 7:

Maro,

id. 8. 56, 3:

quaedam patris memoria,

Quint. 11, 1, 59:

O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

Luc. 9, 983:

heu sacri vatum errores,

Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

auris Caesaris,

Mart. 7, 99, 4:

sacri lateris custos,

id. 6, 76, 1:

apud aures sacras mentitus est,

Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

se Imperatori mentitum,

id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.

In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.

With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 7.—

Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

Liv. 3, 55.—

Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of persons:

ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

homo sacerrimus,

id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —

Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

Cat. 14, 12:

hircus alarum,

id. 71, 1:

auri fames,

Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

aurum fame,

Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

venenum (Medeae),

Val. Fl. 7, 165:

nox,

id. 8, 25:

arma metu,

id. 4, 185; cf.

pavor,

id. 1, 798:

insania,

Stat. Th. 10, 804:

morbus,

i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).

Lit.

Sing.:

sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

metuens velut contingere sacrum,

id. S. 2, 3, 110:

apud Cluacinae sacrum,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

Minervae,

Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

sacrum Herculi facere,

Liv. 1, 7:

facere Junoni,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

facto per Magos sacro,

Suet. Ner. 34:

sollemne sacrum conficere,

Flor. 1, 13, 16:

ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

Quint. 1, 5, 67:

arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

Liv. 41, 12:

sacrum piaculare fieri,

id. 29, 19:

sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

id. ib. 14, 80:

nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

in sacro est,

id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—

Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

Ov. M. 2, 713:

Troïa,

Tib. 2, 5, 40:

velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

of the same,

Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

cumque suis penetralia sacris,

i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

jactata aequoribus sacra,

Hor. C.4,4,54:

pueri Sacra canunt,

sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

Sall. C. 22, 2:

qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

(Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

sacra Jovi facturus erat,

Ov. M. 3, 26:

sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

Verg. A. 4, 638:

ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

Liv. 1, 20:

densi circumstant sacra ministri,

Ov. M. 2, 717:

arcana sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

fera,

id. ib. 13, 454:

nefanda,

id. ib. 10, 228:

mystica,

id. H. 2, 42:

horrida,

Sil. 3, 140:

veneranda,

id. 7, 382:

casta,

Stat. Achill. 1, 370.

Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69:

sacra Cereris conficere,

id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

Cereris,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

Eleusina,

Suet. Claud. 23:

Junonis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

Orphica,

rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

Bacchia,

Ov. M. 3, 518:

trieterica Bacchi,

id. ib. 6, 587:

Dianae,

id. ib. 7, 94;

15, 489: Isidis,

Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—

The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

sacra privata perpetua manento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

Liv. 5, 52:

ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

Liv. 4,2:

sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

sacrorum alienatio,

id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

sacrum familiare,

Macr. S. 1, 16:

nuptialia,

marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

called also jugalia,

Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—

Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

vatum,

Pers. prol. 7:

Maronis,

Mart. 7, 63, 5. —

Prov.

Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

inter sacrum et saxum positus,

App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —

Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—

Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

Ov. M. 7, 709:

peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

id. 5, 13, 60):

litterarum colere,

id. 10, 1, 92:

studiorum profanare,

Tac. Or. 11.